Citations: how and why

Scholarly Journal and Magazine Articles

Page numbers refer to the APA Manual. 

Journal Article with DOI (page 317)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI.
(When a reference has up to twenty authors, spell out all authors' names. Use http://dx.doi.org/ before the DOI number.)

Example:

Herbst-Damm, K. L. & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of

terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Journal Article without DOI (page 317)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. Retrieved from Periodical Home Page URL*

More than twenty authors (page 317)
(When a reference has more than twenty authors, spell out the first six authors listed followed by . . . and the last author listed.)

Example:

Halánová, M., Sulinová, Z., Cisláková, L., Trbolová, A., Páleník, Weissová, T.,  . . . Holicková, M. (2011). Chlamydophila

felis in cats - are the stray cats dangerous source of infection? Zoonoses and Public Health, 58(7), 519-522. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1863-2378

Magazine Article (Print) (page 320)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages.

Example:

Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May 4). Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health

psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
 

Magazine Article (Online) (page 320)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. Retrieved from Periodical Home Page URL

Example:

Clay, R. (2008, June 8). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on

Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/

All examples above from:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Example:

Reference List Entry:

Alexander P.A. (2018). Pat as prologue: Educational psychology's legacy and progeny. Journal of Educational Psychology,

110(2), 147-162.https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000200

Parenthetical citation:

(Alexander, 2018)

Narrative citation:

Alexander (2018)

Above examples from (page 262)

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Books, eBooks, Anthologies, Reference Books 
Page numbers refer to the APA Manual. If you are viewing this on a phone you should turn it sideways for proper formatting. 

Single Author, Two to Seven Authors, Editor(s) (page. 321)

Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title: sub-title. Publisher.
(when DOIs are assigned they can be used in place of publication or retrieval information. See second example under ebook)

Examples:

Single Author

Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency. Taylor & Francis.
 

Two to Seven Authors

Musick, M. A., & Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers: A social profile. Indiana University Press.

Editor(s) (page 322)

Aronson, J., & Aronson, E. (Ed.). (2008). Readings about the social animal. (10th ed.). Worth.

Electronic Books or Audiobook (page 321)
note: only include the (First initial. Last name, Narr.) after the title for audiobooks as this is the narrator's credit

Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title: sub-title (First Initial. Last name, Narr.) [version]. Publisher. URL.

Examples:

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The Power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random

House Audio. hppt://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl

Schiraldi, G. R. (2011). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth 

[Adobe Digital Editions version]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071393722

Book Chapter or Work in an Anthology (page 328)

Author Last name, first initial. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s), Title of Book/Anthology (pages). Publisher. DOI (original work published year)

Example:

Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold (Ed.), The Complete social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader

(pp. 265-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 (Original work published 1948)

Article in a dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, with individual author (page 328)

note: only include DOI when available.

Author of Article's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication).  Article/Entry Title. In Editor(s), Book Title (Edition, page numbers). Publisher. DOI

Example:

Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.).

Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism/ 

All examples above from:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Examples:

Website with an individual author:  (page 351)

Martin Lillie, C.M. (2016, December 29). Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliency.  Mayo Clinic.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-compassion-can-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193

Website on a website with a group author: (page 351)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications.

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm

Webpage on a website with a retrieval date: (page 352)

U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from

https://www.census.gov/popclock

All examples above from:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Social Media Citations:

Examples:

Tweet, Individual Author

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2013, February 26). #Polio is 99% eradicated. Join me  

             & @FCBarcelona as we work to finish the job and #EndPolio. VIDEO:

            http://b-gat.es/X75Lvy [Tweet]. Twitter. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/BillGates/

            status/306195345845665792

In-text citation: (Gates, 2013)
 

Tweet, Group Author

Stanford Medicine [@SUMedicine]. (2012, October 9). Animal study shows   

            sleeping brain behaves as if it's remembering: http://stan.md/RrqyET

            #sleep #neuroscience #research [Tweet]. Twitter. Retrieved from 

            https://twitter.com/SUMedicine/status/255644688630046720

In-text citation: (Stanford Medicine, 2012)

Timestamp

If you are quoting from a video it is very helpful to include a timestamp in the in text citation.

Timestamp format = H:MM:SS   Hours: Minutes: Seconds

(Author, date, timestamp)

example: (University of Newcastle, 2021, 0:00:42)

Timestamps are not used in the full reference citation.

Reference Citation:

University of Newcastle. (2021). APA7th Short Online Videos. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/yAxifpJmQfs