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Citations: how and why

How to cite sources & why we cite sources (copyright & plagiarism)

APA Examples

Scholarly Journal and Magazine Articles

Page numbers refer to the APA Manual. 

Journal Article with DOI (page 317)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI.
(When a reference has up to twenty authors, spell out all authors' names. Use http://dx.doi.org/ before the DOI number.)

Example:

Herbst-Damm, K. L. & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of

terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Journal Article without DOI (page 317)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. Retrieved from Periodical Home Page URL*

More than twenty authors (page 317)
(When a reference has more than twenty authors, spell out the first six authors listed followed by . . . and the last author listed.)

Example:

Halánová, M., Sulinová, Z., Cisláková, L., Trbolová, A., Páleník, Weissová, T.,  . . . Holicková, M. (2011). Chlamydophila

felis in cats - are the stray cats dangerous source of infection? Zoonoses and Public Health, 58(7), 519-522. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1863-2378

Magazine Article (Print) (page 320)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages.

Example:

Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May 4). Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health

psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.
 

Magazine Article (Online) (page 320)
Author's Last Name, Initials. (Date of Publication). Title of article: Sub-title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. Retrieved from Periodical Home Page URL

Example:

Clay, R. (2008, June 8). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on

Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/


All examples above from:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Example:

Reference List Entry:

Alexander P.A. (2018). Pat as prologue: Educational psychology's legacy and progeny. Journal of Educational Psychology,

110(2), 147-162.https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000200

Parenthetical citation:

(Alexander, 2018)

Narrative citation:

Alexander (2018)

Above examples from (page 262)

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Books, eBooks, Anthologies, Reference Books 
Page numbers refer to the APA Manual. If you are viewing this on a phone you should turn it sideways for proper formatting. 


Single Author, Two to Seven Authors, Editor(s) (page. 321)

Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title: sub-title. Publisher.
(when DOIs are assigned they can be used in place of publication or retrieval information. See second example under ebook)

Examples:

Single Author

Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency. Taylor & Francis.
 

Two to Seven Authors

Musick, M. A., & Wilson, J. (2008). Volunteers: A social profileIndiana University Press.

Editor(s) (page 322)

Aronson, J., & Aronson, E. (Ed.). (2008). Readings about the social animal. (10th ed.). Worth.

Electronic Books or Audiobook (page 321)
note: only include the (First initial. Last name, Narr.) after the title for audiobooks as this is the narrator's credit

Author's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title: sub-title (First Initial. Last name, Narr.) [version]. Publisher. URL.

Examples:

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The Power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random

House Audio. hppt://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl

Schiraldi, G. R. (2011). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth 

[Adobe Digital Editions version]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071393722

Book Chapter or Work in an Anthology (page 328)

Author Last name, first initial. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s), Title of Book/Anthology (pages). Publisher. DOI (original work published year)

Example:

Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold (Ed.), The Complete social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader

(pp. 265-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 (Original work published 1948)

Article in a dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, with individual author (page 328)

note: only include DOI when available.

Author of Article's Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication).  Article/Entry Title. In Editor(s), Book Title (Edition, page numbers). Publisher. DOI

Example:

Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.).

Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism/ 

All examples above from:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Examples:

Website with an individual author:  (page 351)

Martin Lillie, C.M. (2016, December 29). Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliency.  Mayo Clinic.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-compassion-can-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193

Website on a website with a group author: (page 351)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications.

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm

Webpage on a website with a retrieval date: (page 352)

U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from

https://www.census.gov/popclock

All examples above from:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Social Media Citations:

Examples:

Tweet, Individual Author

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2013, February 26). #Polio is 99% eradicated. Join me  

             & @FCBarcelona as we work to finish the job and #EndPolio. VIDEO:

            http://b-gat.es/X75Lvy [Tweet]. Twitter. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/BillGates/

            status/306195345845665792

In-text citation: (Gates, 2013)
 

Tweet, Group Author

Stanford Medicine [@SUMedicine]. (2012, October 9). Animal study shows   

            sleeping brain behaves as if it's remembering: http://stan.md/RrqyET

            #sleep #neuroscience #research [Tweet]. Twitter. Retrieved from 

            https://twitter.com/SUMedicine/status/255644688630046720

In-text citation: (Stanford Medicine, 2012)

Timestamp

If you are quoting from a video it is very helpful to include a timestamp in the in text citation.

Timestamp format = H:MM:SS   Hours: Minutes: Seconds

(Author, date, timestamp)

example: (University of Newcastle, 2021, 0:00:42)

 

Timestamps are not used in the full reference citation.

Reference Citation:

University of Newcastle. (2021). APA7th Short Online Videos. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/yAxifpJmQfs

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