Criminal Justice

Crime Scene Photography, Second Edition, offers an introduction to the basic concepts of forensic picture-taking. The forensic photographer, or more specifically the crime scene photographer, must know how to create an acceptable image that is capable of withstanding challenges in court. The photographic theory and principles have to be well grounded in the physics of optics, the how-to recommendations have to work, and the end result must be admissible in court. Based on the author's years of experience in the field at both the Arlington County and Baltimore County Police Departments, this book blends the practical functions of crime scene processing with theories of photography to guide the student in acquiring the skills, knowledge, and ability to render reliable evidence. This text has been carefully constructed for ease of use and effectiveness in training and was class-tested by the author at George Washington University. Beginning August 2008, this book will be required reading by the IAI Crime Scene Certification Board for all levels of certification (through August 2011).

" ... this is an outstanding practical overview of human trafficking and a must for those beginning in that field as one of the books that integrates the needs of many into one. ... clear, concise, practical in use, practitioner-friendly." --Kim Derry, Retired Deputy Chief of Police, Toronto Police, Chair of FBINAA World-Wide Human Trafficking Coordination Center Initiative, Co-Chair of the International Police Training Center (IPTI), Budapest, Hungary "Absolutely appropriate for anyone wanting to understand and make a difference in combating this modern-day slavery! ... Very well researched, a must-read for investigators ... a very thorough covering of the topic." --Dave Malone, Senior Law Enforcement Education Coordinator, American Military University-Midwest "Excellent! The material is current, relevant, and informative to the public and to the variouspersonnelwho engage in human trafficking rescue operations. ... the only book that sex-trafficking investigators will need to keep on their desk." --Lt. George Koder, Retired, Clearwater Police Department, Florida "Dr. Leonard Territo and Professor Nataliya Glover have rigorously researched and investigated the billion-dollar industry of sex trafficking in the United States. An informative, eye-opening textbook, Criminal Investigation of Sex Trafficking in America exposes the horrors of sex-trafficking crimes that occur in large cities and small towns throughout the U.S. ... A one-of-a-kind book for criminal justice educators, law enforcement professionals, judges, prosecutors, and a must-read and study for every new police recruit and criminal investigator." --Thomas Gillan, CLET, CSTS, CLC, Executive Director, The National Institute for Human Trafficking Research and Training, Orlando, Florida

Death Investigations is the first installment of the new Jones & Bartlett Learning Guides to Law Enforcement Investigation series!Many books on the market go into the investigative and forensic aspects of "homicides" but, singularly, do not adequately address the death investigation process as a whole. Understanding the entire process and event (whether it be homicide, suicide, accident or natural) with all of its nuances makes the detectives better death investigators. In this attempt the authors have addressed how one should go about conducting a death investigation from understanding the death process, to first officers' responses upon arrival, the victim and the victimology, the preliminary versus the follow up investigation and the issues presented at a crime scene. It further delves into investigating equivocal deaths, the art of reconstructing the facts of the case, the investigative interviewing process, to a review of common mistakes found in other cases considering the legal issues at hand. In the appendices there is a sample of the Behavioral Analysis Interview in a homicide case; the art of differentiating suspects with pre-peri and post offense behaviors and a classic equivocal death analysis of a case that has had much attention over the years. The bottom line, "Death Investigations" is a "how to" book that all law enforcement officers should have on their bookshelf.

The use of informants has been described as the "black hole of law enforcement." Failures in the training of police officers and federal agents in the recruitment and operation of informants has undermined costly long-term investigations, destroyed the careers of prosecutors and law enforcement officers, and caused death and serious injuries to innocent citizens and police. In many cases, the events leading to disaster could have been avoided had the law enforcement agency followed the time-tested procedures examined in this book. Informants, Cooperating Witnesses, and Undercover Investigations: A Practical Guide to Law, Policy, and Procedure, Second Edition covers every aspect of the informant and cooperating witness dynamic--a technique often shrouded in secrecy and widely misunderstood. Quoted routinely in countless newspaper and magazine articles, the first edition of this book was the go-to guide for practical, effective guidance on this controversial yet powerful investigative tool. Extensively updated, topics in this second edition include: Sweeping changes in the FBI and ICE informant and undercover programs New informant recruiting techniques Reverse sting operations Entrapment issues Examination of recent high-profile cases where the misuse of informants resulted in lawsuits and legislation The changing nature of compensation and cooperation agreements Forfeiture, informants, and rewards The management of controlled undercover purchases of evidence Challenges posed by fabricated information, phantom informants and police corruption Witness security measures New whistleblower reward programs Authoritative, scholarly, and based on boots-on-the-ground experience, this book is written by an author who has been a police supervisor, an informant recruiter and handler, an undercover agent, and an attorney. Supported by statutes, case law, and previously unpublished excerpts from law enforcement agency manuals, it is essential reading for every police officer, police manager, prosecutor, police academy trainer, criminal justice professor, and defense attorney. This book is part of the Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations series.

In 1984, this groundbreaking book offered readers an illuminating window into the workings of the criminal mind and a revolutionary approach to "habilitation." In 2004, armed with twenty years of additional knowledge and insight, Samenow explored the subject anew, using his vast expertise to explain the thought patterns of those who commit the crimes we were most concerned with in the new millennium, such as domestic violence, Internet victimization, and terrorism. The fields of criminal behavior have expanded, demanding another updated version, which includes an exploration of computers as a vehicle for criminal conduct, new drugs and pharmaceutical influences; exposure to the rawest forms of violence in video games, films, and television broadcasts; social media as an arena for illicit activities, and updated genetic and biological research into whether some people are "wired" to become criminals. Throughout, we learn from Samenow's four decades of experience how truly vital it is to know who the criminal is an how he or she thinks differently. Only once equipped with that crucial understanding can we reach reasonable, compassionate, and effective solutions. Book jacket.

Investigative Interviewing: A Conversation Management Approach is a unique and practical text providing police officers with practical guidance on what to do prior to, during, and following investigative interviews for all kinds of witnesses, from vulnerable adults and children to suspects. Itoffers a comprehensive tool-kit to help you assess and monitor interviewees and capture the fine-grain detail of what is said, or indeed not said, during an interview. With "how-to" guidance advising you how to operate ethically and to maximum effect at each phase of interviewing, each chapter advances the core concepts of case management through a subject-centric approach and there is in-depth discussion of the psychological underpinning of the ConversationManagement technique which lies at the heart of the PEACE interviewing model. The second edition has been updated to reflect significant developments in interview practice, including a new chapter on interviewing the suspect who is obliged to disclose and greater attention to the demands ofinterviewing an individual who does not speak English. There is also a greater practitioner focus through the involvement of co-author Andrew Griffiths, a Detective Superintendent at Sussex Police.

Americaâe(tm)s first antiâe"sex trafficking law, the 1910 Mann Act, made it illegal to transport women over state lines for prostitution âeoeor any other immoral purpose.âe#157; It was meant to protect women and girls from being seduced or sold into sexual slavery. But, as Jessica Pliley illustrates, its enforcement resulted more often in the policing of womenâe(tm)s sexual behavior, reflecting conservative attitudes toward womenâe(tm)s roles at home and their movements in public. By citing its mandate to halt illicit sexuality, the fledgling Bureau of Investigation gained entry not only into brothels but also into private bedrooms and justified its own expansion. Policing Sexuality links the crusade against sex trafficking to the rapid growth of the Bureau from a few dozen agents at the time of the Mann Act into a formidable law enforcement organization that cooperated with state and municipal authorities across the nation. In pursuit of offenders, the Bureau often intervened in domestic squabbles on behalf of men intent on monitoring their wives and daughters. Working prostitutes were imprisoned at dramatically increased rates, while their male clients were seldom prosecuted. In upholding the Mann Act, the FBI reinforced sexually conservative views of the chaste woman and the respectable husband and father. It built its national power and prestige by expanding its legal authority to police Americansâe(tm) sexuality and by marginalizing the very women it was charged to protect.

Philosophers of science have long used reconstructive reasoning to develop historical explanations covering the origins of natural phenomenon. The application of the scientific method is a powerful tool for solving crimes through reconstruction of the events. Scientific Foundations of Crime Scene Reconstruction: Introducing Method to Mayhem demonstrates how to use the scientific method and exercise the critical thinking that is essential for the development of sound data and the construction of reliable explanations. Provides a clear yet rigorous account of the scientific method accessible to non-philosophers Supplies examples showing the application of scientific methods to the reconstruction of events that leave physical evidence at crime scenes Presents self-contained chapters--each with specific points about how a scene reconstruction is built upon the analysis of specific physical evidence Discusses the scope and limitations of physical evidence and the resulting analyses that they support in crafting scientific crime scene reconstructions Includes case studies of crime scene reconstructions from Dr. Nordby's experience, complete with color photographs and laboratory notes Moving systematically from case to case, this volume is an essential reference for forensic and law enforcement professionals who need to step into new or unfamiliar areas to understand how science can help them do their jobs. It enables forensic scientists to apply the natural sciences to casework in shooting and nonshooting cases. It also educates attorneys who need to understand scientific evidence and the process of crime scene reconstruction from the scientific point of view.

Recent years have brought numerous developments in crime and crime fighting, such as DNA evidence, designer drugs, computer viruses, and online fraud and theft. As criminals get more sophisticated, police must develop new techniques to stop them.""The Encyclopedia of Crime Scene Investigation"" is a comprehensive, accessible reference to one of today's most fascinating topics. More than 300 clearly written entries cover all aspects of crime scene investigations, including ballistics, counterfeiting, forensic medicine, firearms, hijacking, identification, poisons, scandals, sex crimes, smuggling, tool marks, and trace evidence. This comprehensive reference also features many case studies that highlight facets of criminal investigation, as well as historical and biographical entries about key breakthroughs and pioneers in the field of forensic science.

This three-volume Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement provides a comprehensive, critical, and descriptive examination of all facets of law enforcement on the state and local, federal and national, and international stages. This work is a unique reference source that provides readers with informed discussions on the practice and theory of policing in an historical and contemporary framework.nbsp;The volumes treat subjects that are particular to the area of state and local, federal and national, and international policing. Many of the themes and issues of policing cut across disciplinary borders, however, and several entries provide comparative information that places the subject in context.

This is a comprehensive reference source on the theory, techniques, and application of the various forensic sciences.The past decade has seen an explosion of interest in the application of scientific techniques to investigations of crime. Television audiences have developed a seemingly insatiable appetite for shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Cold Case that go into the minutiae of how forensic techniques are used to solve crimes. ""Forensic Science"" examines this subject with a factual approach, while also addressing the kinds of topics that figure prominently in the media and offering up-to-date material in a rapidly changing field.Scope and coverage: ""Forensic Science"" approaches its subject from multiple directions. One of the primary approaches is from the points of view of forensic investigators. In addition to its core essays on subspecialties and allied fields, the set has essays on specific types of investigations, such as arson, homicide, and computer crime; both general and specific investigative techniques, such as autopsies, ballistics, chromatography, crime scene photography, fingerprint analysis, and polygraph analysis; specialized equipment, such as bomb and nuclear detection devices; and types of evidence, such as fire debris, fibers and filaments, glass, and blood residue and stains.A second broad approach taken by ""Forensic Science"" is its coverage of the role of forensic science in the American legal system. The set includes brief articles on some of the most important federal legislation applying to controlled substances, such as the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914, and the Anabolic Steroid Act of 1990.A third broad approach taken by ""Forensic Science"" - and one that should have a wide appeal to many readers - is its extensive coverage of specific historical subjects. These range from overviews of ancient criminal cases and mysteries and ancient science in law and courtrooms to examinations of such high-profile modern cases as the O.J. Simpson murder trial, the Unabomber case, and famous Hollywood forensic cases. The set also includes essays on such subjects as the Lindberg baby kidnapping case and the exhumations of Presidents Zachary Taylor and Abraham Lincoln.Organization and format: The articles in ""Forensic Science"" contain helpful top matter that defines the topics and summarizes their relevance to forensic science and the Further Reading notes. The alphabetical arrangement makes topics easy to find. Additional finding aids include category and subject indexes and cross-references to related topics at the end of each essay. The appendixes include a biographical directory of key figures in the history of the field, a glossary, a directory of television shows in which forensic sciences figure prominently, and a time line of major events.

"The role of parents in shaping the characters of their children, the causes of violence and crime, and the roots of personal unhappiness are central to humanity. Like so many fundamental questions about human existence, these issues all relate to behavioural development. In this lucid and accessible book, eminent biologist Professor Sir Patrick Bateson suggests that the nature/nurture dichotomy we often use to think about questions of development in both humans and animals is misleading. Instead, he argues that we should pay attention to whole systems, rather than to simple causes, when trying to understand the complexity of development. In his wide-ranging approach Bateson discusses why so much behaviour appears to be well- designed. He explores issues such as 'imprinting' and its importance to the attachment of offspring to their parents; the mutual benefits that characterise communication between parent and offspring; the importance of play in learning how to choose and control the optimal conditions in which to thrive; and the vital function of adaptability in the interplay between development and evolution. Bateson disputes the idea that a simple link can be found between genetics and behaviour. What an individual human or animal does in its life depends on the reciprocal character of its transactions with the world about it. This knowledge also points to ways in which an animal's own behaviour can provide the variation that influences the subsequent course of evolution. This has relevance not only for our scientific approaches to the systems of development and evolution, but also on how humans change institutional rules that have become dysfunctional, or design public health measures when mismatches occur between themselves and their environments. It affects how we think about ourselves and our own capacity for change." - general CRJ information

Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before?
Levels of violent crime have been in a steady decline for centuries—for millennia, even. Over the past five hundred years, homicide rates have decreased a hundred-fold. We live in a time that is more orderly and peaceful than ever before in human history. Why, then, does fear of crime dominate modern politics? Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before? In Command and Persuade, Peter Baldwin examines the evolution of the state's role in crime and punishment over three thousand years.
Baldwin explains that the involvement of the state in law enforcement and crime prevention is relatively recent. In ancient Greece, those struck by lightning were assumed to have been punished by Zeus. In the Hebrew Bible, God was judge, jury, and prosecutor when Cain killed Abel. As the state's power as lawgiver grew, more laws governed behavior than ever before; the sum total of prohibited behavior has grown continuously. At the same time, as family, community, and church exerted their influences, we have become better behaved and more law-abiding. Even as the state stands as the socializer of last resort, it also defines through law the terrain on which we are schooled into acceptable behavior.

This book provides an overview of the criminal justice system of the United States. It is intended to provide the introductory student a concise yet balanced introduction to the workings of the legal system as well as policing, courts, corrections, and juvenile justice. Six chapters, each divided into five sections, provide the reader a consistent, comfortable format as well as providing the instructor with a consistent framework for ease of instructional design. - works with CRJ 101

"Criminal Law uses a two-step process to augment learning, called the applied approach. First, after building a strong foundation from scratch, Criminal Law introduces you to crimes and defenses that have been broken down into separate components. It is so much easier to memorize and comprehend the subject matter when it is simplified this way. However, becoming proficient in the law takes more than just memorization. You must be trained to take the laws you have studied and apply them to various fact patterns. Most students are expected to do this automatically, but application must be seen, experienced, and practiced before it comes naturally. Thus the second step of the applied approach is reviewing examples of the application of law to facts after dissecting and analyzing each legal concept. ..." - works with CRJ 122

"Criminal Law begins with the foundations of law and the legal system and then extensively explores criminal laws and defenses using general state principles, federal law, the Constitution, and the Model Penal Code as guidelines. Although it is neither possible nor desirable to discuss every criminal law, this textbook provides a basic yet thorough overview of the American criminal justice system. After completing Criminal Law, you will be familiar with the nature and sources of law, the court system, the adversarial process, the most prominent crimes, and accompanying criminal defenses." - works with CRJ 122

"In this book, you will examine the moral and ethical issues that exist within law enforcement. This book will also familiarize you with the basic history, principles, and theories of ethics. These concepts will then be applied to the major components of the criminal justice system: policing, the courts, and corrections. Discussion will focus on personal values, individual responsibility, decision making, discretion, and the structure of accountability. Specific topics covered will include core values, codes of conduct, ethical dilemmas, organizational consequences, liability, and the importance of critical thinking. By the end of this book, you will be able to distinguish and critically debate contemporary ethical issues in law enforcement." - works with CRJ 292

"Introduction to Criminal Investigation, Processes, Practices, and Thinking is a teaching text designed to assist the student in developing their own structured mental map of processes, practices, and thinking to conduct criminal investigations." - works with CRJ 212

works with CRJ 101

Chapter 7. Deviance, Crime, and Social Control.
- general CRJ information

"Historically, countering terrorism has been something that security services have carried out on behalf of the state, without community consultation or consent. Since 9/11 however, this tradition has increasingly been questioned and the idea that communities have the potential to defeat al Qaeda - related or influenced terrorism has gained ascendency across policy, security and other contexts. Based on research in the US and UK, this book examines the involvement of Muslim communities in terror crime prevention work, exploring the complexities of community involvement as well as its advantages and examining how trusting relationships between police, security services and communities can be built." - general CRJ information